9tn unit 4

 

 

"A Truly Beautiful Mind

Mind map

ppt

 

 

1.Albert Einstein was born on 14 March 1879 in the German city of Ulm, without any indication that he was destined for greatness. On the contrary, his mother thought Albert was a freak. To her, his head seemed much too large.
Difficult Words:

• Indication: A sign or piece of information | సూచన, సంకేతం
• Destined: Intended for a particular purpose | నియతమైన, నిర్ణయించబడిన
• Freak: A person who is unusual or different | విచిత్రమైన వ్యక్తి
• Contrary: Opposite in nature | విరుద్ధమైన

 

2.At the age of two-and-a-half, Einstein still wasn’t talking. When he finally did learn to speak, he uttered everything twice. Einstein did not know what to do with other children, and his playmates called him “Brother Boring.” So the youngster played by himself much of the time. He especially loved mechanical toys. Looking at his newborn sister, Maja, he is said to have said: “Fine, but where are her wheels?”
Difficult Words:

• Uttered: Spoken | పలికిన
• Playmates: Children with whom one plays | ఆటతోటి పిల్లలు
• Boring: Not interesting | బోరెగా ఉండే
• Youngster: A young boy or child | యువకుడు
• Mechanical: Related to machines | యాంత్రిక
• Wheels: Circular objects that move | చక్రాలు

 

3.A headmaster once told his father that what Einstein chose as a profession wouldn’t matter, because “he’ll never make a success at anything.” Einstein began learning to play the violin at the age of six, because his mother wanted him to; he later became a gifted amateur violinist, maintaining this skill throughout his life.
Difficult Words:

• Headmaster: School principal | ప్రిన్సిపాల్
• Profession: A type of job or career | వృత్తి
• Success: Achievement | విజయము
• Violinist: A person who plays the violin | వయలిన వాయిస్తున్నవాడు
• Gifted: Having special talent | ప్రతిభావంతుడు
• Amateur: Doing something for enjoyment, not professionally | అజ్ఞాతం చేయు వాడు

 

4.But Albert Einstein was not a bad pupil. He went to high school in Munich, where Einstein’s family had moved when he was 15 months old, and scored good marks in almost every subject. Einstein hated the school’s regimentation, and often clashed with his teachers. At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled there that he left the school for good.
Difficult Words:

• Pupil: Student | విద్యార్థి
• Regimentation: Strict discipline | కఠిన నియంత్రణ
• Clashed: Had conflicts or fights | ఘర్షణలు జరిగినవి
• Stifled: Suffocated or suppressed | మర్దించడం, ఆపడం

 

5.The previous year, Albert’s parents had moved to Milan, and left their son with relatives. After prolonged discussion, Einstein got his wish to continue his education in German-speaking Switzerland, in a city which was more liberal than Munich.
Difficult Words:

• Prolonged: Lasting for a long time | పొడుగుగా ఉన్న
• Liberal: Open to new ideas | స్వేచ్ఛావాది

 

6.Einstein was highly gifted in mathematics and interested in physics, and after finishing school, he decided to study at a university in Zurich. But science wasn’t the only thing that appealed to the dashing young man with the walrus moustache.
Difficult Words:

• Gifted: Having natural talent | ప్రతిభావంతుడు
• Mathematics: Study of numbers | గణితం
• Physics: Study of matter and energy | భౌతిక శాస్త్రం
• Dashing: Stylish and attractive | ఆకట్టుకునే
• Walrus moustache: Thick moustache | మందమైన దాడు మీసాల సొమ్ము

 

7.He also felt a special interest in a fellow student, Mileva Maric, whom he found to be a “clever creature.” This young Serb had come to Switzerland because the University in Zurich was one of the few in Europe where women could get degrees. Einstein saw in her an ally against the “philistines”—those people in his family and at the university with whom he was constantly at odds. The couple fell in love. Letters survive in which they put their affection into words, mixing science with tenderness. Wrote Einstein: “How happy and proud I shall be when we both have brought our work on relativity to a victorious conclusion.”
Difficult Words:

• Fellow: Companion or colleague | సహచరుడు
• Clever: Intelligent | తెలివైన
• Serb: A person from Serbia | సర్బియా నివాసి
• Ally: Friend or supporter | మిత్రుడు
• Philistines: People who dislike art or culture | కళలను అభిముచ్చని వ్యక్తులు
• Affection: Love or fondness | ప్రేమ
• Tenderness: Gentleness | స్నేహభావం

 

8.In 1900, at the age of 21, Albert Einstein was a university graduate and unemployed. He worked as a teaching assistant, gave private lessons and finally secured a job in 1902 as a technical expert in the patent office in Bern. While he was supposed to be assessing other people’s inventions, Einstein was actually developing his own ideas in secret. He is said to have jokingly called his desk drawer at work the “bureau of theoretical physics.”
Difficult Words:

• Graduate: A person who has finished university | పట్టభద్రుడు
• Unemployed: Without a job | నిరుద్యోగి
• Secure: Obtain or get | పొందుట
• Patent: Legal right for an invention | మౌలిక హక్కు
• Assessing: Judging or evaluating | విలయించుట
• Bureau: Office or department | కార్యాలయం
• Theoretical: Based on ideas rather than practical application | సైద్ధాంతికం

 

9.One of the famous papers of 1905 was Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, according to which time and distance are not absolute. Indeed, two perfectly accurate clocks will not continue to show the same time if they come together again after a journey if one of them has been moving very fast relative to the other. From this followed the world’s most famous formula which describes the relationship between mass and energy: E=mc2E=mc^2E=mc2.
Difficult Words:

• Theory: An explanation based on evidence | సిద్ధాంతం
• Relativity: Relationship of space and time | సాపేక్షత
• Absolute: Complete or total | సంపూర్ణ
• Accurate: Exact or precise | ఖచ్చితమైన
• Relative: In relation to something else | సంబంధించి

 

10.While Einstein was solving the most difficult problems in physics, his private life was unravelling. Albert had wanted to marry Mileva right after finishing his studies, but his mother was against it. She thought Mileva, who was three years older than her son, was too old for him. She was also bothered by Mileva’s intelligence. “She is a book like you,” his mother said. Einstein put the wedding off.
Difficult Words:

• Unravelling: Coming apart, failing | మెలిగిపోవడం
• Bothered: Worried or upset | క్షీమించుట
• Intelligence: Ability to learn and understand | మేధస్సు
• Wedding: Marriage ceremony | పెళ్లి

 

11.The pair finally married in January 1903, and had two sons. But a few years later, the marriage faltered. Mileva, meanwhile, was losing her intellectual ambition and becoming an unhappy housewife. After years of constant fighting, the couple finally divorced in 1919. Einstein married his cousin Elsa the same year.
Difficult Words:

• Faltered: Became weak or stopped succeeding | అలవరపడుట
• Intellectual ambition: Desire to study and learn | మేధోపరమైన ఆకాంక్ష
• Housewife: A woman who manages home affairs | గృహిణి
• Divorce: Legally end a marriage | విడాకులు

 

12.Einstein’s new personal chapter coincided with his rise to world fame. In 1915, he had published his General Theory of Relativity, which provided a new interpretation of gravity. An eclipse of the sun in 1919 brought proof that it was accurate. Einstein had correctly calculated in advance the extent to which the light from fixed stars would be deflected through the sun’s gravitational field. The newspapers proclaimed his work as “a scientific revolution.”
Difficult Words:

• Chapter: A period or phase | అధ్యాయము
• Fame: Being famous or well-known | ప్రసిద్ధి
• Interpretation: Explanation or understanding | అర్థం
• Eclipse: When one body blocks another (especially sun) | గ్రహణం
• Accurate: Correct or precise | ఖచ్చితమైన
• Deflected: Turned aside | తిరిగించు
• Gravitational: Caused by gravity | గమనీయమైన గురుత్వాకర్షణ
• Proclaimed: Announced publicly | ప్రకటించు
• Revolution: A major change | విప్లవం

 

13.Einstein received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. He was showered with honours and invitations from all over the world, and lauded by the press.
Difficult Words:

• Nobel Prize: Prestigious award | నోబెల్ బహుమతి
• Honours: Recognition or awards | గౌరవాలు
• Lauded: Praised highly | ప్రశంసించబడిన

 

14.When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Einstein emigrated to the United States. Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an uproar. Many of them had fled from Fascism, just as Einstein had, and now they were afraid the Nazis could build and use an atomic bomb.
Difficult Words:

• Nazis: Members of Hitler’s political party | నాజీబందాలు
• Emigrated: Moved to live in another country | వలస వెళ్లు
• Nuclear fission: Splitting of atomic nucleus | న్యూక్లియర్ విభజన
• Uproar: Loud disturbance or confusion | గందరగోళం
• Fascism: Authoritarian political system | ఫాసిస్ట్ అత్యాచారం
• Atomic bomb: Powerful nuclear weapon | అణు బombe

 

15.At the urging of a colleague, Einstein wrote a letter to the American President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, on 2 August 1939, in which he warned: “A single bomb of this type . . . exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory.” His words did not fail to have an effect. The Americans developed the atomic bomb in a secret project of their own, and dropped it on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.
Difficult Words:

• Urging: Strongly encouraging | ప్రేరణ
• Territory: Area of land | భూభాగం
• Project: A planned task or operation | ప్రాజెక్టు

 

16.Einstein was deeply shaken by the extent of the destruction. This time he wrote a public missive to the United Nations. In it he proposed the formation of a world government. Unlike the letter to Roosevelt, this one made no impact. But over the next decade, Einstein got ever more involved in politics—agitating for an end to the arms buildup and using his popularity to campaign for peace and democracy.
Difficult Words:

• Missive: A letter or message | లేఖ
• Formation: Creation or establishment | సృష్టి
• Agitating: Stirring up public opinion | సమర్పణ
• Arms buildup: Increasing weapons | ఆయుధాల పెరుగుదల
• Campaign: Organized effort to achieve a goal | ప్రచారం
• Democracy: Government by the people | ప్రజాస్వామ్యం

 

17.When Einstein died in 1955 at the age of 76, he was celebrated as a visionary and world citizen as much as a scientific genius.
Difficult Words:

• Visionary: A person with foresight | దృష్టాంతర వ్యక్తి
• Genius: An exceptionally intelligent person | ప్రతిభావంతుడు
• Citizen: Member of a country | పౌరుడు

Thinking about the Text

 

Here are the paragraph numbers for each heading from the lesson "A Truly Beautiful Mind":

Heading	Paragraph Number(s)
(i) Einstein’s equation	9
(ii) Einstein meets his future wife	7
(iii) The making of a violinist	3
(iv) Mileva and Einstein’s mother	10
(v) A letter that launched the arms race	15
(vi) A desk drawer full of ideas	8
(vii) Marriage and divorce	11

 

 

2. Who had these opinions about Einstein?

• (i) He was boring.
  Einstein’s playmates thought he was boring and called him “Brother Boring.”
• (ii) He was stupid and would never succeed in life.
  His headmaster told his father that Einstein would never make a success at anything.
• (iii) He was a freak.
  His mother thought Einstein was a freak because his head seemed much too large.

3. Reasons for the following:

• (i) Einstein leaving the school in Munich for good:
  He disliked the regimentation and strict discipline at the school; he often clashed with teachers and felt stifled, so he left for good.
• (ii) Einstein wanting to study in Switzerland rather than in Munich:
  He preferred Switzerland because its environment was more liberal, open, and tolerant than Munich.
• (iii) Einstein seeing in Mileva an ally:
  Mileva Maric was intelligent, and Einstein saw her as someone who could support him intellectually against the philistines (those who didn’t value science and intellectual pursuits).
• (iv) What do these tell you about Einstein?
  These show Einstein valued freedom, open-mindedness, intellectual companionship, and disliked rigid and restrictive systems.

 

4. What did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office? Why?

He jokingly called his desk drawer the “bureau of theoretical physics” because he secretly developed his scientific ideas there while assessing others’ inventions.

 

5. Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt?

Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt warning that the Nazis might develop an atomic bomb, urging the US to do something to prevent this threat.

 

6. How did Einstein react to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Einstein was deeply shaken by the destruction caused; he wrote a public missive to the United Nations, advocating for world peace and government.

 

7. Why does the world remember Einstein as a “world citizen”?

Einstein is remembered as a “world citizen” because of his advocacy for peace, democracy, and global governance, using his fame to campaign for greater humanity beyond science.

8. Here are the facts from Einstein’s life arranged in chronological order:

1. Einstein is born in the German city of Ulm.
2. Einstein attends a high school in Munich.
3. Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school.
4. Einstein’s family moves to Milan.
5. Einstein joins a university in Zurich, where he meets Mileva.
6. He works in a patent office as a technical expert.
7. Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
8. He provides a new interpretation of gravity.
9. He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
10. When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States.
11. Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb.
12. Einstein dies.

 

Thinking about Language

1. A few years later, the marriage faltered.
   Meaning: The marriage failed, broke, or became weak.
   Explanation: "Faltered" means the relationship became weak or unstable and eventually deteriorated.
2. Einstein was constantly at odds with people at the university.
   Meaning: He was on bad terms, in disagreement, or unhappy with them.
   Explanation: "At odds" means having conflicts or disagreements with others.
3. The newspapers proclaimed his work as “a scientific revolution.”
   Meaning: The newspapers declared, praised, or showed that his work was revolutionary in science.
   Explanation: "Proclaimed" means publicly announced or praised loudly.

4. Einstein got ever more involved in politics, agitating for an end to the arms buildup.
   Meaning: Einstein was campaigning, fighting, or supporting the cause to stop the increase of weapons.
   Explanation: "Agitating" means actively campaigning or pushing for a cause, especially to stop the buildup of arms and promote peace.
5. At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled that he left the school for good.
   Meaning: He left the school permanently (forever).
   Explanation: "For good" means forever or permanently, not temporarily or partially.
6. Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an uproar.
   Meaning: The physicists were in a state of commotion, very disturbed and alarmed.
   Explanation: "Uproar" means noisy confusion or public disturbance, often from shock or disapproval.
7. Science wasn’t the only thing that appealed to the dashing young man with the walrus moustache.
   Meaning: Science wasn’t the only thing that interested the young Einstein.
   Explanation: "Appealed to" means attracted or interested him.

 

Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with suitable participial clauses. The information that has to be used in the phrases is provided as a sentence in brackets.

1. Working round the clock, the firefighters finally put out the fire.
2. She watched the sunset above the mountain, noticing the colours blending softly into one another.
3. The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly, while it neighed continually.
4. Having taken the wrong train, I found myself in Bangalore, instead of Benaras.
5. Not having bathed for two days, I was desperate to get to the bathroom.
6. The stone steps, being worn down, needed to be replaced.
7. The actor received hundreds of letters from his fans, asking him to send them his photograph.

Writing Newspaper Reports

Student Unearths Einstein Manuscript

On 21 August 2005, an original handwritten manuscript by Albert Einstein was unearthed. The document, dating back to 1924, is a significant piece relating to Einstein’s scientific research and contributions, particularly regarding atomic behaviour at low temperatures.

This remarkable discovery was made by Rowdy Boeynik, a student at the University of the Netherlands. While researching old scientific papers for academic purposes, Boeynik came across manuscripts and documents that belonged to an old friend of Einstein. Among these papers, the student found fingerprints of Einstein, confirming the authenticity of the work.

The 16-page manuscript contained Einstein’s work on his last major theory about the behaviour of atoms at low temperatures. This research eventually became known as the Bose-Einstein condensation, a groundbreaking concept in the study of physics.

The newly unearthed manuscript will be kept at Leyden University, the place where Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize. This ensures the preservation of the document and recognition of Einstein’s enduring legacy in science.

 

The Lake Isle of Innisfree

I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,

And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:

Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,

And live alone in the bee-loud glade.

 

And I shall have some peace there, for peace comes dropping slow

Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings;

There midnight’s all a glimmer, and noon a purple glow,

And evenings full of the linnet’s wings.

 

I will arise and go now, for always night and day

I hear the lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;

While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey,

I hear it in the deep heart’s core.

 

WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS

GLOSSARY

wattles: twisted sticks for making fences,

walls glade: clearing; open space

linnet: a small brown and grey bird with a short beak

 

Thinking about the Poem

 

What kind of place is Innisfree?

(i) The three things the poet wants to do when he goes back there (stanza I):
The poet wants to:

• Build a small cabin of clay and wattles.
• Plant nine rows of bean.
• Have a hive for honey bees.
  These activities show his desire for a peaceful, self-sufficient, and close-to-nature life.

(ii) What he hears and sees there and its effect on him (stanza II):
Innisfree is described as beautiful and tranquil. The poet sees the morning’s lake water shining, hears the cricket singing, and enjoys the peace that comes every day—peace dropping slowly as the day begins and fades. This scene makes him feel calm, content, and connected with nature.

(iii) What he hears in his “heart’s core” even when far away (stanza III):
Even when the poet is far away in busy places, he hears the lake water’s sounds—in the deep core of his heart. The memory and longing for Innisfree stay with him, offering comfort and peace whenever he thinks of the place.

2. How does the poet contrast Innisfree with where he now lives?

The poet contrasts Innisfree with the city by describing Innisfree as a place of natural beauty and peace, while the city is noisy, crowded, and lacks tranquility. In the city, the poet hears the noise of roads and human activity, but in his “heart’s core,” he still hears the gentle sounds of lake water from Innisfree. This shows his longing for the calm and simplicity of nature, in contrast to the hustle and commotion of the city.

 

3. Is Innisfree only a place, or also a state of mind?

Innisfree is not just a physical place but also a state of mind for the poet. He associates it with the peace, happiness, and beauty he experienced in his boyhood days. The poet misses Innisfree deeply and finds comfort in its memories; even when he cannot be there, he feels its presence in his heart, showing that for him, Innisfree is both a real place and an inner feeling or escape.

 

1. What pictures do these words create in your mind?

• Bee-loud glade: This phrase creates the image of a sunlit clearing or meadow filled with the gentle buzz of bees, suggesting a lively and natural setting full of life and warmth.
• Evenings full of the linnet’s wings: This suggests a peaceful evening scene with small birds (linnets) flying about, their wings fluttering softly in the air, filling the dusk with gentle motion and music.
• Lake water lapping with low sounds: This creates a picture of calm lake water gently touching the shore, making soft, soothing noises, which adds to the feeling of quiet and tranquility in nature.

 

2. What do these words mean?

• “…peace comes dropping slow / Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the cricket sings”:
  These words mean that peace arrives gradually and gently, like dew in the morning, filling the land as day breaks.
• “Comes dropping slow…from the veils of the morning” means peace settles gently as morning appears, just as light or dew softly spreads over the earth.
• “To where the cricket sings” means that peace extends throughout the natural world, even into the places where the crickets chirp, showing that nature is calm and harmonious everywhere in Innisfree.